Place the raw shrimp in a food processor and pulse until coarsely chopped but not pureed.
Transfer the chopped shrimp to a mixing bowl.
Add panko breadcrumbs, egg, minced garlic, chopped parsley, Old Bay seasoning, salt, black pepper, and olive oil to the shrimp.
Mix all ingredients thoroughly until well combined.
Divide the mixture into 4 equal portions and shape each into a patty about 3 inches in diameter and 1/2 inch thick.
Preheat the air fryer to 375°F (190°C) for 3 minutes.
Place the shrimp patties in the air fryer basket in a single layer, ensuring they do not touch.
Cook the patties for 8-10 minutes, flipping halfway through, until golden brown and cooked through.
While the patties cook, mix mayonnaise and lemon juice in a small bowl to make the sauce.
Toast the hamburger buns in the air fryer for 1-2 minutes until lightly browned.
Assemble the burgers by spreading the lemon mayo sauce on the bottom bun, placing a lettuce leaf, then the shrimp patty, followed by a tomato slice, and topping with the bun.
Serve immediately.